Tanzania - education
Tanzania - education, The biggest educational challenge is the fight
against illiteracy, since approximately 1/3 of the population
is still illiterate (1995).
The school system includes preschools for 4-6 year olds, but they are not
widespread. For 7-14 year olds, there is a right, but not a duty, to 7 years of
free public school education. approximately 2/3 completes
schooling here, while just 5% continues in the bachelor program that is not free
and mostly private (1996). It includes a four-year and a two-year step, and the
final exam provides access to continuing education.
The country has (1998) 3 universities and 12 colleges (other higher
education). The University of Dar es Salaam from 1970 is the oldest and
largest.
ETYMOLOGY: The name Tanzania is a contraction of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.
OFFICIAL NAME: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania (United Republic of Tanzania)
CAPITAL CITY: Dodoma
POPULATION: 51,000,000 (Source: COUNTRYaah)
AREA: 945,000 km²
OFFICIAL/OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Swahili, English, approximately 130 African languages, mainly Bantu
languages
RELIGION: Muslims 37%, Christians 33%, natives' religions 30%
CURRENCY: shilling
CURRENCY CODE: TZS
ENGLISH NAME: Tanzania
INDEPENDENCE: 1961
POPULATION COMPOSITION: bantu 95% (of which nyamwezi and sukuma 21%, Swahili 9%), masai and luo 4%,
other 1%
GDP PER CAPITA INH.: $ 2591 (2007)
LIFE EXPECTANCY: men 46 years, women 47 years (2007)
LIVING CONDITIONS INDEX, HDI: 0488
LIVING CONDITIONS INDEX, POSITION: 159
INTERNET DOMAIN NAME: .tz
According to DIGOPAUL, Tanzania
is a Republic of East Africa, formed in 1964 as the union
of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Agriculture is the main occupation, and the country
is one of the world's poorest. The approximately 120 ethnic groups have Swahili as a
common language. The country's development has been influenced by the Sanzanat
of Zanzibar, the German and British colonial powers and the one-party and
multi-party systems of the independent state.
- AbbreviationFinder.org: Find two-letter abbreviation for each
independent country and territory, such as TZ which stands for Tanzania.
The climate is tropical; warm and humid along the coast, hot and dry on the
central plateau savanna that covers most of the country, and cool and humid in
the highlands.
Tanzania - language
Tanzania - Languages, Official languages are English and Swahili, spoken
by most. Of the country's more than 130 African languages are more than
90% bantusprog belonging to the Niger-kordofanske family of languages, but also
the other three African sprogætter represented, Afro Asian thus
including the Kushite language iraqw (about
460,000), Nilo-Saharan with the Nilotic language maasai (about 430,000)
and khoisan with seven (about 40,000).
Tanzania - religion
Tanzania - religion, approximately 40% of Tanzania's population is Muslim, approximately 40%
are Christians and the rest profess to traditional African religions. However,
the boundaries are fluid, especially in the countryside, where both Islam and
Christianity are often combined with African religion. With its 3
million. members are Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania Africa's largest
Lutheran church. Islam is most widespread along the coast, in the islands and in
areas around the former caravan roads; both Shiism and Sunnism exist. Islam is
an integral part of Swahili culture and has its own East African form of
expression in Tanzania. Apart from 1995, in connection with the multi-party
elections, there have never been any significant religious tensions in Tanzania.
Tanzania - Constitution
Tanzania - Constitution, Federal Republic of Tanzania Constitution is from
1992. Zanzibar Sub-Republicformally has its own constitution, president and
national assembly, but is effectively governed by decree. Tanzania's legislative
power lies with a one-chamber parliament, Bunge, with 275 members. Of these, 232
are directly elected in single-person constituencies. 15% of the other elected
officials must be women. Indirectly elected are 5 representatives from
Zanzibar's parliament, 1 (Advocate General) is an ex-officio member, while 37
are elected by the country's 5 mass organizations for youth, women, family,
workers and cooperatives. The executive has the president who appoints a prime
minister. The president is elected by direct election for five years; he is the
head of state and commander of the armed forces. The Prime Minister is also the
First Vice President, while the President of Zanzibar is the Second Vice
President.
Tanzania - social conditions
Tanzania - social conditions, Tanzania set great goals after
independence. Huge resources were invested in health and school programs to
reach all parts of the country. The financial difficulties of the 1970's and
1980's meant that the programs collapsed and in the late 1990's the health and
education situation was in many ways inferior to 15 years earlier. Debt to the
outside world forced the government to reduce social spending for many years.
Economic growth and a comprehensive poverty reduction program have in recent
years improved the situation, not least in the field of education, which,
however, is characterized by great inequality. Today, the country's middle and
upper classes largely choose private schools. Tanzania is still one of the
poorest countries in the world, and growth has not been large enough to
seriously fight economic poverty.
Unemployment is very high especially among the very young. Each year, around
800,000 young people enter the labor market, but far fewer jobs are
created. In Dar es Salaam, unemployment is estimated to be around 45%. The poor
health situation and especially high mortality due
to malaria and HIV/AIDS have led to the average life expectancy in Tanzania
having dropped to 46 years.
Tanzania - health conditions
Tanzania - health conditions, mean life is estimated at 44 years for men and
49 years for women. Infant mortality is set at 80-95 ‰, and 12% of all children
die before the age of five. It is fewer than the average of sub-Saharan African
countries, but the figures must be reserved. Infectious diseases,
including pneumonia, tuberculosis, malaria and other tropical diseases, are
widespread. Especially in the western part of the country there is a very high
prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and the numerous refugees from Burundi, Rwanda and
Congo are living in poor health. There are only approximately four doctors per 100,000
residents, but vaccination coverage of children is high. In the larger cities,
almost everyone has access to clean drinking water, in the countryside only
approximately half of the population, and in the slums the fewest.
Tanzania - mass media
Tanzania - mass media, Until 1988, most of the media was the voice of the
government, but since the introduction of the multi-party system, the number of
independent media has grown, both radio and printed newspapers and magazines,
partly in English and partly in Kiswahili. Tanzania first got state television
in 2001, while a private television station started broadcasting in 1994. In
general, the print media has considerable freedom, while the state radio that
still dominates is dominated by government views. The mainland and Zanzibar have
different media laws. The Media Act, which in 2001 created greater media freedom
on the mainland, does not apply to Zanzibar, where private radio or private
newspapers are not allowed. However, many can follow through the mainland media.
Tanzania - music
Tanzania music, Tanzania's music culture encompasses many genres, and
traditional as well as popular music are also important pieces in the country's
cultural policy. Christian choral music mkwaya, Muslim taarab and
dance music muziki wa densi are prevalent. Since the 1980's, Bagamoyo
College of the Arts has established itself as a center for traditional music,
while popular musicians such as Remmy Ongala have to do more commercially.
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