Tunisia - education
The biggest challenge for the former strongly French-influenced education
system is the fight against illiteracy, which includes approximately one third of the
population.
According to a 1991 law reform, the nine-year compulsory primary school, l'enseignement
de base, is divided into a 6-year and a 3-year course. After passing the
final exam, approximately 66% (1996) in the youth educations, which after two years
are divided into five directions specializing in resp. language, mathematics,
engineering, physics and economics.
At the higher education programs that take place at five universities and a
few higher education institutions, approximately 13% of a vintage (1999). Most sought
after are the legal-economic studies closely followed by humanistic and Islamic.
OFFICIAL NAME: al-Jumhuriyya al-Tunisiyya
CAPITAL CITY: Tunis
POPULATION: 10,900,000 (Source: COUNTRYaah)
AREA: 154,500 km²
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE (S): Arabic, French, few Berber languages
RELIGION: Sunni Muslims 98%, Christians 1%, others 1%
COIN: dinar
CURRENCY CODE: TND
ENGLISH NAME: Tunisia
INDEPENDENCE: 1956
POPULATION COMPOSITION: Arabs 98%, Berbers 1%, others 1%
GDP PER residents: $ 4232 (2012)
LIFE EXPECTANCY: men 73.5 years, women 78 years (2014)
INDEX OF LIVING CONDITIONS, HDI: 0.721
INDEX OF LIVING CONDITIONS, POSITION: 90
INTERNET DOMAIN NAME: .tn
According to DIGOPAUL, Tunisia, (after Tunis),
is a Republic of North Africa. The country was a
French colony 1881-1956 and continues to have strong ties with Europe and
especially France. It is a member of the Arab Maghreb Union and has an
association agreement with the EU. From 1987 to 2011, Zayn al-Abidin Ben-Ali
held the presidency, and despite the introduction of a principally pluralistic
democratic system of regular elections, it was his party that dominated the
country. Ben-Ali was forced to resign after extensive protests in 2011. Tunisia
is a Muslim country and known for its progressive legislation in the field of
family and women.
- AbbreviationFinder.org: Find two-letter abbreviation for each
independent country and territory, such as TS which stands for Tunisia.
Tunisia - language
Official language is standard Arabic while speaking the language
Tunisian Arabic. Berber is retained in nine villages, of which the six on the
island Djerba. French is still widely used as a second language,
while English and Italian are gaining ground.
Tunisia - religion
Islam is the state religion, and the majority of the population are Sunni
Muslims who follow the Malikit law school; a minority follow the Hanafi school
of law introduced by the Ottomans in the 1500's. In addition, there is a small
minority of Ibadites. Islam was an important rallying point in the struggle for
independence, but since then the political leadership has distanced itself from
Islamic law. From the late 1970's, intellectuals like Rashid al-Ghannushi again
began to make use of Islam in the political struggle, but Islamism has never
received the same broad support as in other parts of the Arab world.
The Grand Mufti of Tunisia is appointed by the government, and a Ministry of
Religious Affairs controls mosques and religious educational institutions.
Tunisia - Constitution
The Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia is from 1959 with amendments from
1988. The legislative power lies with a Chamber of Deputies with 163 members, of
which 144 are elected for five years by simple majority, while the other 19 are
distributed proportionally among the parties that did not get elected
representatives. The President is Head of State and Commander of the Armed
Forces; he is elected by direct election for five years. The president appoints
the government, which is headed by a prime minister who is accountable to the
president. However, the Chamber of Deputies may express distrust of the Prime
Minister, leading to the resignation of the government.
Tunisia - economy
From the independence in 1956 and 30 years onwards, Tunisia had a
socialist-inspired economy, which was largely based on state ownership and
regulation as well as on competition protection. In 1986, however, falling oil
prices and major balance of payments problems forced the government to
request financial support from the International Monetary Fund. The
counterclaim to Tunisia was to launch market economic reforms and pursue a
stability-oriented economic policy. Since then, fiscal and monetary policy has
focused on reducing the general government deficit and keeping inflation in
check.low, while competition in the economy has increased, through
privatizations of state-owned enterprises and liberalisations of investment law,
the financial sector, capital markets and foreign trade. Since 2000, the pace of
reform has slowed down due to the country's high unemployment. The economy is
quite versatile and stable with growth rates in 2003-05 of 4-5%; Unstable
rainfall and assassinations have in recent years led to setbacks. The currency,
the dinar, was made convertible in 1993, and in 1995 Tunisia was the first Arab
country to sign an association agreement with the EU. ensures free trade in
industrially processed goods between the parties over a 12-year period.
Tunisia's most important trading partners are France, Italy and Germany,
which together account for approximately 60% of foreign trade. The trade deficit is
partly offset by tourist revenues and transfers from Tunisians abroad. Denmark's
exports to Tunisia in 2005 amounted to DKK 141 million. DKK, while imports from
there were 32 mill. kr.
Tunisia - social conditions
In the years after Tunisia's independence (1956), the country's women were
guaranteed the opportunity for divorce, as was polygamy.was banned; women were
also given the right to vote in local and national elections. Changing Tunisian
governments have since 1956 gradually built up an education system and a health
system that also covers the more sparsely populated areas of the south and west
of the country, and government employees are guaranteed pensions. The Tunisian
population is very young, with approximately 70% of the country's population is under
25 years of age; it places great demands on the continued expansion of housing,
the construction of schools and, not least, investment in new jobs that can
ensure young people employment in the labor market. The absence of jobs in
particular has repeatedly resulted in social unrest in the major Tunisian cities
in recent decades.
Tunisia (Military)
The armed forces are (2006) at 35,300, of which 27,700 conscripts with 12
months service. The army is at 27,000, the navy at 4800 and the air force at
3500. The equipment is mainly older, western produced. The army has 3
armored brigades, 1 desert and 1 hunter brigade and 1 engineering
regiment. The fleet has 19 smaller combat and patrol units and 2 support
vessels. The Air Force has 27 fighter jets, 20 transport aircraft and 59
helicopters of various types. The security forces, the "National Guard", are
12,000.
After Tunisia's independence in 1956, France retained the Bizerte naval
base. In 1961, there was a battle between Tunisia's armed forces and
French paratroopers. Although France won, the Bizerte left during 1963.
|
